What is xiphinema?

What is xiphinema?

Xiphinema spp. belong to the sub-family Xiphinematinae, which has diverse groups of species (Coomans et al. 2001). An adult dagger nematode has a long body (2 to 6 mm) and a flat and smooth lip region (Goodey et al. 1960, Brown and Topham 1984, 1985, Siddiqi and Lenne 1990) (Figure 9).

What type of Oesophagus does xiphinema index have?

Xiphinema have a two-part esophagus, which does not contain a metacorpus. A modification in the posterior end of the esophagus forms a muscular posterior bulb, which can generate a pumping action similar to that of a metacorpus in other plant parasitic nematodes.

Which virus is transmitted by xiphinema?

Nematodes of the genera Longidorus, Paralongidorus, and Xiphinema transmit several polyhedral-shaped viruses known as nepoviruses, such as grape fanleaf, tobacco ring spot, and other viruses, whereas nematodes of the genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus transmit at least two rod-shaped tobraviruses, tobacco rattle …

What are spiral nematodes?

Helicotylenchus is a genus of nematodes in the family Hoplolaimidae. They are known generally as spiral nematodes. They are found worldwide because they can live and survive in a wide range of habitats. They are among the most common parasitic nematodes of plants; found in corn, bananas, grass, soybeans.

What is the scientific name of cyst nematode?

Globodera
Potato cyst nematode/Scientific names

Which one of the following is known as foliar nematode?

Foliar nematodes (also known as leaf and bud nematodes) affect over 250 plant species in 47 families. Aphelenchoides fragariae and A. ritzemabosi are among the most common species found in ornamentals. All foliar nematodes prefer moist conditions and moderate temperatures.

What are dagger nematodes?

Dagger nematodes are large plant-parasitic nematodes that feed as ectoparasites (outside the host) on plant roots. High population densities of these nematodes can injure small and tree fruits. Their feeding often results in swollen root tips preventing the roots from functioning properly.

What is the name of longest plant-parasitic nematodes and its length?

The longest plant-parasitic nematode found in MI measures about 6 mm (ca. 1⁄4 inch) in length and that is the corn needle nematode. Female cyst nematodes achieve large enough sizes where they can be seen with the naked eye attached to roots on which they are feeding.

What is a nematode cyst?

Cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.) are the most economically important types of parasitic nematodes due to their constant endoparasite nutrition, damage to vascular tissues, specialized parasitism mechanisms in the host plant and a high number of eggs per female.

What is a nematode cyst made of?

Potato root nematodes or potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are 1-mm long roundworms belonging to the genus Globodera, which comprises around 12 species. They live on the roots of plants of the family Solanaceae, such as potatoes and tomatoes….Potato cyst nematode.

What does foliar nematode damage look like?

In more mature plants, foliar nematodes cause small, discolored, angular (i.e., straight-edged) blotches on leaves. The blotchy areas are typically bordered by veins. Blotches eventually turn brown and dry, and may fall away, giving the leaf a “shot-holed” appearance.

How do you control foliar nematodes?

Foliar nematodes can also be killed by using a hot water treatment on high value infected host material, provided it is fully dormant. Once dead leaves are removed, soak the dormant plant in water at temperatures from 120 to 140 degrees F for up to 10 minutes.