How do you calculate wind load on a bridge?

How do you calculate wind load on a bridge?

The vertical (upward) wind load is calculated by multiplying a 0.020 ksf vertical wind pressure by the out-to-out bridge deck width. It is applied at the windward quarter-point of the deck only for limit states that do not include wind on live load.

What are the loads acting on a bridge?

There are 3 kinds of forces that operate on any bridge: the dead load, the live load, and the dynamic load. Dead load refers to the weight of the bridge itself.

What are the 2 loads a bridge must withstand?

Dead and live weight are essentially vertical loads, whereas forces from nature may be either vertical or horizontal. Wind causes two important loads, one called static and the other dynamic. Static wind load is the horizontal pressure that tries to push a bridge sideways.

How do you calculate the load of a building PDF?

1. Volume of Concrete = 0.23 x 0.60 x 3 =0.414m³
2. Weight of Concrete = 0.414 x 2400 = 993.6 kg.
3. Weight of Steel (1%) in Concrete = 0.414x 0.01 x 8000 = 33 kg.
4. Total Weight of Column = 994 + 33 = 1026 kg = 10KN.

What is pier cap?

The upper or bearing part of a bridge pier; usually made of concrete or hard stone; designed to distribute concentrated loads evenly over the area of the pier.

What are the 3 types of loads that must be considered in bridge design?

Engineers consider three main types of loads: dead loads, live loads and environmental loads: Dead loads include the weight of the bridge itself plus any other permanent object affixed to the bridge, such as toll booths, highway signs, guardrails, gates or a concrete road surface.

What is dead load and live load in bridge design?

The dead load is nothing but a self-weight of the bridge elements. The different elements of bridge are deck slab, wearing coat, railings, parapet, stiffeners and other utilities. It is the first design load to be calculated in the design of bridge. 2. Live Load The live load on the bridge, is moving load on the bridge throughout its length.

What are the longitudinal forces on a bridge?

Longitudinal Forces The longitudinal forces are caused by braking or accelerating of vehicle on the bridge. When the vehicle stops suddenly or accelerates suddenly it induces longitudinal forces on the bridge structure especially on the substructure. So, IRC recommends 20% of live load should be considered as longitudinal force on the bridges.

What are the deformation stresses in bridge design?

Deformation stresses are occurred due to change is material properties either internally or externally. The change may be creep, shrinkage of concrete etc. similarly horizontal forces will develop due to temperature changes, braking of vehicles, earthquakes etc. Hence, these are also be considered as design loads in bridge design.

What are the factors affecting the structure of a bridge?

For short span bridges, wind load can be negligible. But for medium span bridges, wind load should be considered for substructure design. For long span bridges, wind load is considered in the design of super structure. 5. Longitudinal Forces The longitudinal forces are caused by braking or accelerating of vehicle on the bridge.